Accurate US & UK income tax — federal, state, FICA, National Insurance, student loan & more. Instant take-home pay calculation.
| Period | Gross Pay | Total Tax | Take-Home |
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A one-page summary of your tax estimate — your gross income, the applicable rates and brackets, total tax, effective rate, and estimated take-home pay (US or UK depending on which panel you used). Useful for budget planning, comparing scenarios (a raise, a second job, a change of state or region), or sanity-checking what your employer’s payroll has withheld. Estimates only; your real return depends on your filing status, additional credits, and items your employer or HMRC may apply.
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Tax season doesn't have to be a surprise. Whether you're trying to figure out how much federal income tax you owe, checking your withholding is correct, or comparing what you'd take home in different states, this free income tax calculator gives you a fast, clear estimate for 2025 and 2026. Enter your income, filing status, and state to see your federal tax, state tax, effective tax rate, marginal rate, and estimated take-home pay — all updated for current IRS brackets and state rates.
The IRS adjusts federal tax brackets annually for inflation. For 2025, the federal income tax brackets for single filers are: 10% on income up to $11,925 | 12% on $11,926–$48,475 | 22% on $48,476–$103,350 | 24% on $103,351–$197,300 | 32% on $197,301–$250,525 | 35% on $250,526–$626,350 | 37% on income above $626,350. For married filing jointly, these thresholds are approximately doubled. The IRS publishes official bracket tables at IRS.gov.
Important: the US uses a progressive tax system — only the income within each bracket is taxed at that bracket's rate. Being in the 22% bracket does not mean you pay 22% on all your income. You pay 10% on the first chunk, 12% on the next, 22% only on what falls in that range. This is the marginal rate vs effective rate distinction.
Your marginal tax rate is the rate applied to your next dollar of income — the highest bracket you're in. Your effective tax rate is your total tax paid divided by total income — always lower than your marginal rate because lower income is taxed at lower rates. Example: $75,000 single filer in 2025. Tax calculation: 10% on first $11,925 = $1,192 | 12% on $11,926–$48,475 = $4,386 | 22% on $48,476–$75,000 = $5,835. Total federal tax ≈ $11,413. Effective rate: $11,413 ÷ $75,000 = 15.2%. Marginal rate: 22%. Many people overestimate their tax burden by confusing these two rates.
Most Americans take the standard deduction rather than itemising. For 2025: Single or married filing separately: $15,000 | Married filing jointly: $30,000 | Head of household: $22,500. This means a single person earning $75,000 only pays tax on $75,000 − $15,000 = $60,000 of taxable income — not the full $75,000. The standard deduction is adjusted annually for inflation by the IRS. You only benefit from itemising if your deductible expenses (mortgage interest, state taxes up to $10,000, charitable donations, medical expenses above 7.5% of AGI) exceed the standard deduction.
State income tax rates vary enormously — from zero to over 13%. Nine states have no income tax: Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire (tax on interest/dividends only), South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, Wyoming. States with the highest income tax rates: California (up to 13.3%), Hawaii (11%), New Jersey (10.75%), Oregon (9.9%), Minnesota (9.85%). Flat rate states (same rate for all income): Colorado (4.4%), Illinois (4.95%), Indiana (3.05%), Kentucky (4%), Massachusetts (5%).
Moving from California to Texas on a $150,000 income saves approximately $12,000–$18,000 in state income tax annually — a significant consideration in the "best states to live in" calculation. The Tax Foundation maintains current state-by-state rate comparisons.
Your paycheck taxes include federal income tax (withheld based on your W-4), state income tax (where applicable), Social Security tax (6.2% on wages up to $176,100 in 2025), Medicare tax (1.45% on all wages, plus 0.9% additional for income above $200,000 single / $250,000 married), and any local income taxes. Our Take-Home Paycheck Calculator handles all of these automatically for all 50 states. The most searched state-specific calculators:
Texas paycheck calculator — no state income tax; only federal and FICA deductions | Florida paycheck calculator — no state income tax | California paycheck calculator — highest state rates, complex brackets | New York paycheck calculator — state + NYC local tax if applicable | Illinois paycheck calculator — flat 4.95% state rate | Ohio paycheck calculator — graduated state rates plus many municipalities have local taxes
If you're self-employed, you pay both the employee and employer portions of Social Security and Medicare — totalling 15.3% on net self-employment income up to the SS wage base, and 2.9% on everything above. On $80,000 of net self-employment income, SE tax alone is approximately $11,304 before income tax. The good news: you can deduct half of SE tax from your income (reducing your income tax burden). The IRS explains SE tax here. Use our Income Tax Calculator with the self-employed option to see your full tax picture.
Maximise tax-advantaged contributions: 401(k) contributions reduce taxable income dollar-for-dollar (up to $23,500 in 2025; $31,000 if 50+). HSA contributions if you have a high-deductible health plan ($4,300 single / $8,550 family in 2025). IRA contributions (traditional IRA is deductible if eligible; up to $7,000). These are among the most powerful legal tax reduction strategies available to ordinary taxpayers. The IRS provides guidance on deductions and credits at IRS.gov/credits-deductions.
If your tax withholding is too low, you'll owe money (and potentially a penalty) in April. Too high and you've given the IRS an interest-free loan of your own money all year. The IRS provides a free Tax Withholding Estimator at IRS.gov to help you get your W-4 right. Major life changes — marriage, divorce, new child, second job, significant income change — should always trigger a W-4 review.
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Subtract your standard deduction (or itemised deductions, whichever is higher) from your gross income to get taxable income. Apply the progressive federal tax brackets to your taxable income. Add your state income tax (if applicable). Subtract any tax credits you qualify for. The result is your total tax liability. This calculator does all of this automatically — enter your income and filing status and click Calculate.
A pay raise calculator shows you exactly how much your take-home pay increases after a raise — accounting for the fact that higher income may push some earnings into a higher tax bracket. A $5,000 raise does not mean $5,000 more in your pocket. If you're in the 22% federal bracket and your state taxes are 5%, your effective marginal rate on the raise is 27% — meaning you keep approximately $3,650 of a $5,000 raise after federal and state taxes (before payroll taxes). Use our Salary Calculator to model the exact impact of a raise.
This income tax calculator provides estimates based on 2025 IRS tax brackets and general state tax rates. It is for informational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional tax advice. Tax situations vary significantly based on individual circumstances including deductions, credits, investment income, and state-specific rules. Always consult a qualified tax professional (CPA or enrolled agent) for personalised tax guidance. For official IRS resources, visit IRS.gov.
freeusukcalculator.com
| Item | Amount |
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For 2026, US federal tax brackets are 10% up to $11,925 single / $23,850 joint, 12% to $48,475 / $96,950, 22% to $103,350 / $206,700, 24% to $197,300 / $394,600, 32% to $250,525 / $501,050, 35% to $626,350, and 37% above. The standard deduction is $15,000 single / $30,000 joint. Your effective tax rate — total tax as a percentage of income — is always lower than your marginal (top) bracket because the first dollars are taxed at 10%.
In 2026, the UK Personal Allowance is £12,570 (income below this is tax-free). Basic rate: 20% on £12,571–£50,270. Higher rate: 40% on £50,271–£125,140. Additional rate: 45% above £125,140. The Personal Allowance is reduced by £1 for every £2 earned above £100,000. Scotland uses different bands. National Insurance is separate: 8% employee rate on wages between £12,570 and £50,270.
Your take-home pay after tax is the figure that matters for budgeting. A US single filer earning $80,000 in a no-income-tax state pays about $11,000 federal + $6,120 FICA = $62,880 net. A UK employee earning £50,000 pays about £7,486 income tax + £3,000 NI = £39,514 net. Our calculator runs both scenarios instantly.
Marginal rate = the rate on your next dollar of income. Effective rate = total tax ÷ total income. A US household earning $120,000 joint with a marginal rate of 22% has an effective rate of only about 13% once the 10%, 12%, and 22% brackets are blended with the standard deduction. This distinction matters when comparing Roth vs Traditional retirement contributions.
In the US, major deductions include 401(k) and traditional IRA contributions (up to $23,500 and $7,000 in 2026), HSA contributions, and mortgage interest if you itemise. In the UK, pension contributions receive 20–45% tax relief at source or via self-assessment. These can easily drop your effective rate by 3–7 percentage points — always enter them into the calculator.
10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, 37% — applied progressively. Standard deduction is $15,000 single / $30,000 joint.
0% up to £12,570, 20% basic rate, 40% higher rate above £50,270, 45% additional rate above £125,140.
Marginal is the rate on the next dollar earned. Effective is total tax divided by total income — always lower due to progressive brackets.
Yes — traditional 401(k) contributions reduce taxable income dollar-for-dollar, up to $23,500 in 2026 (or $31,000 if 50+).
Yes, the US calculator supports state income tax for all 50 states plus DC. Nine states have no income tax.
This income tax calculator estimates your United Kingdom tax bill using current HMRC bands — the Personal Allowance, basic, higher and additional rates — plus National Insurance. Enter your annual salary to see your take-home pay in pounds sterling.
UK income tax is charged in bands through PAYE (Pay As You Earn), the system employers use to deduct tax directly from your wages. The first slice of income — the Personal Allowance, around £12,570 — is tax-free. Income above that is taxed at the basic rate of 20%, then the higher rate of 40%, and finally the additional rate of 45% on the very highest earnings.
The Personal Allowance is gradually withdrawn once income passes £100,000. On top of income tax, employees pay National Insurance contributions, which fund the state pension and benefits. Scotland sets its own income tax bands and rates, so Scottish taxpayers face a slightly different banding to the rest of the UK. His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC) is the official authority that sets thresholds and collects the tax.
Consider an employee earning £40,000 a year. The first £12,570 is covered by the Personal Allowance and is tax-free. The remaining £27,430 falls within the basic-rate band and is taxed at 20%, giving roughly £5,486 in income tax. National Insurance is deducted on top of this. Because a large chunk of pay is sheltered by the allowance, the effective rate of tax is well below the 20% headline band rate.
| Item | Amount (GBP) |
|---|---|
| Gross salary | £40,000 |
| Personal Allowance (tax-free) | £12,570 |
| Taxed at basic rate (20%) | £27,430 |
| Income tax due | ~£5,486 |
| National Insurance | Deducted separately |
The Personal Allowance is the amount you can earn each year before paying any income tax, currently around £12,570. It is reduced once your income exceeds £100,000 and disappears entirely at higher incomes.
Yes. Scotland sets its own income tax bands and rates, which differ slightly from those in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Your tax code and where you live determine which rates apply to your salary.
Income tax bands, the Personal Allowance and National Insurance rates are set by the UK government and administered by HMRC. Always confirm current figures on the official HMRC website (gov.uk) before relying on an estimate.